{"id":2500,"date":"2023-09-29T00:44:30","date_gmt":"2023-09-29T00:44:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/drhimanshuyadav.com\/anatomy-of-the-pelvic-floor-muscles\/"},"modified":"2023-09-29T00:44:30","modified_gmt":"2023-09-29T00:44:30","slug":"anatomy-of-the-pelvic-floor-muscles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/drhimanshuyadav.com\/blog\/anatomy-of-the-pelvic-floor-muscles\/","title":{"rendered":"Anatomy of the pelvic floor muscles"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"health-sc-page_1-0\" data-sc-sticky-offset=\"60\" data-sc-ad-label-height=\"24\" data-sc-ad-track-spacing=\"100\" data-sc-min-track-height=\"250\" data-sc-max-track-height=\"600\" data-sc-breakpoint=\"50em\" data-sc-load-immediate=\"4\" data-sc-content-positions=\"[400, 1400, 1400, 1700, 2000, 2200, 2400, 2600, 2800]\" data-bind-scroll-on-start=\"true\">\n<p id=\"mntl-sc-block_1-0\" class=\"comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html\">\n<p>The pelvic floor muscles extend from the pubic bone to the coccyx on both sides. These muscles, often referred to as the core, maintain stability of the spine and support the organs located in the pelvis.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"mntl-sc-block_1-0-2\" class=\"comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html\">\n<p>Both men and women can suffer from pelvic floor dysfunction, which affects the bladder, vagina, prostate, and rectum, due to damaged or weakened pelvic floor muscles. There are several ways to treat symptoms related to the pelvic floor muscles.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"mntl-sc-block_1-0-4\" class=\"comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html\">\n<p>This article describes the anatomy, functions, and conditions associated with the pelvic floor muscles.\n<\/p>\n<figure id=\"health-sc-block-image--none_1-0\" class=\"comp mntl-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block theme-none health-sc-block-image--none health-sc-block-image-base mntl-sc-block-universal-image figure-landscape figure-high-res\"><figcaption id=\"mntl-figure-caption_1-0\" class=\"comp mntl-figure-caption figure-article-caption\">\n<span class=\"figure-article-caption-owner\"><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gettyimages.com\/search\/photographer?photographer=petesphotography\" data-component=\"link\" data-source=\"inlineLink\" data-type=\"externalLink\" data-ordinal=\"1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pet photography<\/a> \/ Getty Images<\/p>\n<p><\/span><br \/>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span class=\"heading-toc\" id=\"toc-anatomy\"\/> <\/p>\n<h2 id=\"mntl-sc-block_1-0-7\" class=\"comp mntl-sc-block health-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading\"> <span class=\"mntl-sc-block-heading__text\">    anatomy <\/span> <\/h2>\n<p id=\"mntl-sc-block_1-0-8\" class=\"comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html\">\n<p>The pelvic floor muscles separate the pelvic cavity from the perineum or perineal region (the area between the genitals and anus). Two gaps or holes in the muscle allow passage of the urethra and vagina (in women), and another gap is used for the anal canal. Pelvic floor muscles attach to and support the bony pelvis and spine.<span class=\"ql-inline-citation\" data-cite=\"1\"\/>\n<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"mntl-sc-block_1-0-11\" class=\"comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-subheading\"> <span class=\"mntl-sc-block-subheading__text\">    structure and location <\/span> <\/h3>\n<p id=\"mntl-sc-block_1-0-12\" class=\"comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html\">\n<p>The pelvic floor, also known as the pelvic diaphragm, is funnel-shaped and is made up of two sets of muscles: the levator ani muscles and the levator ani muscles. <span data-tts=\"true\">coccyx<\/span> logic. There is also a thin layer of connective tissue called fascia that covers the pelvic floor muscles.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"mntl-sc-block_1-0-14\" class=\"comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html\">\n<p>The levator ani muscle is made up of three muscles:<span class=\"ql-inline-citation\" data-cite=\"3\"\/>\n<\/p>\n<ul id=\"mntl-sc-block_1-0-16\" class=\"comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html\">\n<li><span data-tts=\"true\">puborectalis muscle<\/span>: forms. <em>U <\/em>It adjusts the shape around the anal canal and contributes to fecal control (ability to control defecation).<\/li>\n<li><span data-tts=\"true\">iliococcygeus muscle<\/span>: When attached to the coccyx, perineal body, and abdomen, it lifts the pelvic floor and anorectal canal. <span data-tts=\"true\">anal coccyx<\/span> ligament<\/li>\n<li><span data-tts=\"true\">pubococcygeus<\/span>: It makes up the majority of the levator ani muscles and is located in the pelvic floor between the puborectalis and iliococcygeus muscles, and is responsible for the stability and support of the abdominal and pelvic organs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p id=\"mntl-sc-block_1-0-18\" class=\"comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html\">\n<p>The coccygeus muscle lies behind the levator ani muscle and is triangular in shape. This small muscle supports the pelvic organs, which consist of the genitals, bladder, and rectum.<span class=\"ql-inline-citation\" data-cite=\"3\"\/><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"mntl-sc-block_1-0-21\" class=\"comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-subheading\"> <span class=\"mntl-sc-block-subheading__text\">    anatomical changes <\/span> <\/h3>\n<p id=\"mntl-sc-block_1-0-22\" class=\"comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html\">\n<p>One study found that the shape of your pelvic floor muscles may correspond to your age, weight-for-height, and the size of your lower pelvic canal. Age tends to affect pelvic floor anatomy in women more than in men. Additionally, childbirth can damage your pelvic floor muscles and change your anatomy.<span class=\"ql-inline-citation\" data-cite=\"2\"\/>\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"mntl-sc-block_1-0-24\" class=\"comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html\">\n<p>Lower urinary tract dysfunction is also thought to be related to anatomical variations that affect how the puborectalis muscle engages the urethra.<span class=\"ql-inline-citation\" data-cite=\"9\"\/>\n<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"heading-toc\" id=\"toc-function\"\/> <\/p>\n<h2 id=\"mntl-sc-block_1-0-26\" class=\"comp mntl-sc-block health-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading\"> <span class=\"mntl-sc-block-heading__text\">    function <\/span> <\/h2>\n<p id=\"mntl-sc-block_1-0-27\" class=\"comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html\">\n<p>The function of the pelvic floor muscles is to provide stability to the trunk, resist intra-abdominal\/pelvic pressure when coughing or lifting, maintain proper position of the pelvic organs, and provide sensation to the pelvic floor, including the reproductive organs. It&#8217;s about giving.\n<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"mntl-sc-block_1-0-30\" class=\"comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-subheading\"> <span class=\"mntl-sc-block-subheading__text\">    motor function <\/span> <\/h3>\n<p id=\"mntl-sc-block_1-0-31\" class=\"comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html\">\n<p>Pelvic floor muscles are voluntary and can contract and relax under conscious control. When the pelvic floor muscles contract, they tighten the openings of the urethra, vagina, and rectum and lift the pelvic organs.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"mntl-sc-block_1-0-33\" class=\"comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html\">\n<p>Relaxing your pelvic floor muscles makes it easier to urinate and defecate. As with most voluntary muscles, some exercises can improve the motor function of the pelvic floor muscles.<span class=\"ql-inline-citation\" data-cite=\"10\"\/>\n<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"mntl-sc-block_1-0-36\" class=\"comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-subheading\"> <span class=\"mntl-sc-block-subheading__text\">    sensory function <\/span> <\/h3>\n<p id=\"mntl-sc-block_1-0-37\" class=\"comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html\">\n<p>pelvis <span data-tts=\"true\">visceral<\/span> also called nerve <span data-tts=\"true\">Nervi Eligentes<\/span>, supplies sensory functions to the pelvic organs and pelvic floor muscles. Visceral nerves originating from the sacral nerve roots assist in urination, defecation, sexual arousal, orgasm, and ejaculation. Chronic pelvic pain also originates from the pelvic nerves.<span class=\"ql-inline-citation\" data-cite=\"12\"\/>\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"mntl-sc-block_1-0-39\" class=\"comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html\">\n<p>The main nerve of the pelvic floor muscles is the pudendal nerve. The pudendal nerves are bilateral (both sides of the body) and arise from the sacral plexus. The pudendal nerve is involved in the contraction of the urethra and anal sphincter muscles and provides sensory information to the penis, vagina, perineum, and anus. Damage to the pudendal nerve can cause pelvic pain, numbness, and pelvic organ dysfunction.<span class=\"ql-inline-citation\" data-cite=\"12\"\/><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"heading-toc\" id=\"toc-associated-conditions\"\/> <\/p>\n<h2 id=\"mntl-sc-block_1-0-41\" class=\"comp mntl-sc-block health-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading\"> <span class=\"mntl-sc-block-heading__text\">    Related conditions <\/span> <\/h2>\n<p id=\"mntl-sc-block_1-0-42\" class=\"comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html\">\n<p>Pelvic floor disorders (PFD) are a group of conditions caused by weakened or damaged pelvic floor muscles. Approximately 47% of women have at least one of their PFDs.<span class=\"ql-inline-citation\" data-cite=\"8\"\/> Pregnancy, childbirth, radiation, surgery, aging, and obesity are common causes. PFD caused by dysfunction of the pelvic floor muscles includes:<span class=\"ql-inline-citation\" data-cite=\"4\"\/>\n<\/p>\n<ul id=\"mntl-sc-block_1-0-44\" class=\"comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html\">\n<li>Pelvic organ prolapse (POP): when the pelvic organs (uterus, cervix, vagina, prostate, bladder, urethra, rectum) fall out of their normal position.<\/li>\n<li><span data-tts=\"true\">cystocele<\/span>: When the bladder prolapses into the vaginal canal<span class=\"ql-inline-citation\" data-cite=\"5\"\/><\/li>\n<li><span data-tts=\"true\">enterocele<\/span>:When the small intestine bulges into the vagina<span class=\"ql-inline-citation\" data-cite=\"6\"\/><\/li>\n<li>Rectocele: a condition in which the rectum protrudes into the vagina<span class=\"ql-inline-citation\" data-cite=\"7\"\/><\/li>\n<li>Urinary incontinence: Unintentional loss of urine from the bladder.<\/li>\n<li>pelvic pain<\/li>\n<li>Sexual dysfunction: inability to become aroused, reach orgasm, or ejaculate<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"heading-toc\" id=\"toc-treatment\"\/> <\/p>\n<h2 id=\"mntl-sc-block_1-0-46\" class=\"comp mntl-sc-block health-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading\"> <span class=\"mntl-sc-block-heading__text\">    process <\/span> <\/h2>\n<p id=\"mntl-sc-block_1-0-47\" class=\"comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html\">\n<p>Treatment of PFD can be difficult depending on the cause.  Ways to treat PFD include:<span class=\"ql-inline-citation\" data-cite=\"4\"\/>\n<\/p>\n<ul id=\"mntl-sc-block_1-0-49\" class=\"comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html\">\n<li>Pelvic floor muscle exercises: Keeping your pelvic floor muscles strong can help prevent urinary incontinence and keep your pelvic organs in place. Kegel exercises involve tightening and relaxing your pelvic floor muscles.<span class=\"ql-inline-citation\" data-cite=\"13\"\/><\/li>\n<li>Pelvic floor rehabilitation: Techniques such as massage, biofeedback, electrical nerve stimulation, and the use of pessaries may help treat PFD.<span class=\"ql-inline-citation\" data-cite=\"14\"\/><\/li>\n<li>Lifestyle: Maintaining a healthy weight by exercising, drinking enough fluids, and eating a diet rich in fiber can help prevent constipation and bowel incontinence associated with pelvic floor dysfunction.<\/li>\n<li>Medication: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) reduce pelvic pain, and laxatives relieve constipation and improve the side effects of PFD.<\/li>\n<li>Surgery: Surgery may not be able to cure PFD, but it can treat the consequences of the disorder. Surgical correction of organ prolapse can provide comfort to people with PFD and preserve the function of pelvic organs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p id=\"mntl-sc-block_1-0-51\" class=\"comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html\">\n<p>Not all treatments for PFD are safe. Kegel exercises may be contraindicated in people with pelvic floor muscle injuries. Therefore, always consult your health care provider before treating PFD.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"heading-toc\" id=\"toc-summary\"\/> <\/p>\n<h2 id=\"mntl-sc-block_1-0-55\" class=\"comp mntl-sc-block health-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading\"> <span class=\"mntl-sc-block-heading__text\">    summary <\/span> <\/h2>\n<p id=\"mntl-sc-block_1-0-56\" class=\"comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html\">\n<p>Pelvic floor muscles are essential for urinating, defecating, sexual pleasure, and supporting the pelvic organs. Located at the bottom of the pelvis, the levator ani muscles make up the largest portion of the pelvic floor muscles. The pelvic splanchnic nerve supplies motor and sensory information to the pelvic floor muscles.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"mntl-sc-block_1-0-58\" class=\"comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html\">\n<p>Weakness or damage to the pelvic floor muscles can lead to pelvic disorders that require treatment. Talk to your health care provider if you have symptoms of pelvic floor muscle dysfunction, such as pelvic pain, urinary or bowel incontinence, or inability to enjoy sex.\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"post-article_1-0\">\n<div id=\"sources_1-0\" class=\"comp sources mntl-block\">\n<div id=\"mntl-article-sources_1-0\" class=\"comp mntl-article-sources mntl-expandable-block\" data-scroll-offset=\"70\">\n<div class=\"loc expandable-content\">\n<div id=\"source-guidelines_1-0\" class=\"comp source-guidelines mntl-text-block\">\n<p>Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed research, to support the facts in our articles. Read our editorial process to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and reliable.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"mntl-article-sources__citation-sources_1-0\" class=\"comp mntl-article-sources__citation-sources mntl-citation-sources mntl-sources\" data-tracking-container=\"true\">\n<ol class=\"mntl-sources__content\">\n<li class=\"mntl-sources__source\" id=\"citation-1\">\n<p>Raizada V, Mittal RK. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gtc.2008.06.003\" data-component=\"link\" data-source=\"inlineLink\" data-type=\"externalLink\" data-ordinal=\"1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pelvic floor anatomy and applied physiology<\/a>. <em>Gastroenterology Clinic Northam<\/em>.  2008;37(3):493-vii. doi:10.1016\/j.gtc.2008.06.003<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"mntl-sources__source\" id=\"citation-3\">\n<p>Hirschhorn S. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC1472875\/\" data-component=\"link\" data-source=\"inlineLink\" data-type=\"externalLink\" data-ordinal=\"1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Female pelvic floor anatomy: pelvic floor, supporting structures, and pelvic organs<\/a>. <em>Pastor Urol<\/em>.  2004;6 Supplement 5(Supplement 5):S2-S10.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"mntl-sources__source\" id=\"citation-2\">\n<p>Stansfield E, Mittelocker P, Umek W, Fischer B. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00192-022-05311-5\" data-component=\"link\" data-source=\"inlineLink\" data-type=\"externalLink\" data-ordinal=\"1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Changes in shape and thickness of the pelvic floor musculature in men and women: a geometric morphometric analysis<\/a>. <em>Int urogynecol J<\/em>.  2023;34(2):453-461. doi:10.1007\/s00192-022-05311-5<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"mntl-sources__source\" id=\"citation-9\">\n<p>Van Geen FJ, de Jong HMY, de Jong TPVM, de Mooi KL. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2019.00522\" data-component=\"link\" data-source=\"inlineLink\" data-type=\"externalLink\" data-ordinal=\"1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Are there any changes in the involvement of pelvic floor muscles in the urethra and the point of action?<\/a> <em>front pediatrics<\/em>.  2020;7:522. doi:10.3389\/fped.2019.00522<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"mntl-sources__source\" id=\"citation-10\">\n<p>Urology Care Foundation. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.urologyhealth.org\/urology-a-z\/p\/pelvic-floor-muscles\" data-component=\"link\" data-source=\"inlineLink\" data-type=\"externalLink\" data-ordinal=\"1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pelvic floor muscles<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"mntl-sources__source\" id=\"citation-12\">\n<p>Alkatout I, Wedel T, Pape J, Possover M, Danawat J. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/tnsci-2020-0184\" data-component=\"link\" data-source=\"inlineLink\" data-type=\"externalLink\" data-ordinal=\"1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Review: Pelvic nerves \u2013 from anatomy and physiology to clinical applications<\/a>. <em>translational neuroscience<\/em>.  2021;12(1):362-378. doi:10.1515\/tnsci-2020-0184<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"mntl-sources__source\" id=\"citation-8\">\n<p>Roche M, Gaudre N, Schill MP, Vennes G, New Jersey Bureau, Morin M. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/life11090900\" data-component=\"link\" data-source=\"inlineLink\" data-type=\"externalLink\" data-ordinal=\"1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Anatomy of the female pelvic floor fascia: a systematic search and review<\/a>. <em>life<\/em>.  2021; 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She believes in providing readers with reliable, up-to-date information that leads to informed decisions.\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"trust-ribbon_1-0\" class=\"comp trust-ribbon trust-ribbon-expandable-block\">\n<div class=\"loc expandable-content\">\n<div id=\"trust-ribbon__feedback-block_1-0\" class=\"comp trust-ribbon__feedback-block article-feedback mntl-article-feedback\">\n<div class=\"article-feedback__success-section js-success-section is-hidden\">\n<p>Thank you for your feedback!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"article-feedback__feedback-section js-feedback-section is-hidden\">\n<p>What is your feedback?<\/p>\n<p><button id=\"article-feedback__open-form-button_1-0\" class=\"comp article-feedback__feedback-button article-feedback__open-form-button mntl-button\"><\/p>\n<p>other<br \/>\n<\/button><br \/>\n<button id=\"helpful-button_1-0\" class=\"comp article-feedback__feedback-button helpful-button mntl-button\"><\/p>\n<p>useful<br \/>\n<\/button><br \/>\n<button id=\"report-error-button_1-0\" class=\"comp article-feedback__feedback-button report-error-button mntl-button\"><\/p>\n<p>Report an error<br \/>\n<\/button><br \/>\n<svg class=\"icon icon-x close-button\">\n<use xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#icon-x\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The pelvic floor muscles extend from the pubic bone to the coccyx on both sides. These muscles, often referred to as the core, maintain stability of the spine and support the organs located in the pelvis. Both men and women can suffer from pelvic floor dysfunction, which affects the bladder, vagina, prostate, and rectum, due &#8230; <a title=\"Anatomy of the pelvic floor muscles\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/drhimanshuyadav.com\/blog\/anatomy-of-the-pelvic-floor-muscles\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Anatomy of the pelvic floor muscles\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2501,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[146],"tags":[310,772,1366,543],"class_list":["post-2500","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-anorectal-anatomy-and-physiology","tag-anatomy","tag-floor","tag-muscles","tag-pelvic"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/drhimanshuyadav.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2500","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/drhimanshuyadav.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/drhimanshuyadav.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drhimanshuyadav.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drhimanshuyadav.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2500"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/drhimanshuyadav.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2500\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/drhimanshuyadav.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2500"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drhimanshuyadav.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2500"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drhimanshuyadav.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2500"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}