Researchers at the University of Queensland have used genetics to show that much of the risk of developing a common and sometimes fatal bowel disease is inherited.
Dr Yeda Wu and Professor Naomi Ray from the UQ Institute of Molecular Biosciences are investigating the role of intestinal diverticular disease (DivD), an overlooked and under-studied disease that is prevalent in Australia, particularly among older people. I researched the cause.
A genome-wide association study of more than 700,000 people showed that DivD is highly heritable, with 150 genetic factors associated with the risk of developing the disease.
Dr. Wu said that until now, a low-fiber diet was thought to be the main risk factor for DivD.
“We were very surprised to learn that 40 percent of the risk for intestinal diverticular disease is inherited,” Dr. Wu said.
Diverticula are bag-like growths in the wall of the intestinal tract that affect 33% of people aged 50 to 59, rising to 71% of people aged 80 and older.
“A quarter of people with diverticula develop symptoms and even complications, such as abscesses and bleeding, which can be life-threatening,” Dr. Wu said.
“Our results should allow us to use genetics as a tool to identify people at high risk of developing DivD.
“They could then be monitored more closely by their GP and advised on dietary and lifestyle changes to lower their risk.”
Professor Ray said the study revealed that genes related to the structure of the colon, the mucus layer in the intestine, and the process of moving food into the intestine are involved in DivD.
“We also found that these genes were highly correlated with genes for other gastrointestinal diseases, such as irritable bowel syndrome,” Professor Ray said.
“One gene encodes a drug target for the treatment of IBS constipation, and this is sufficient justification for this type of research to find existing treatments that may also be effective for this disease. It’s how you can use it.”
“This method can also be used to identify other drug targets, opening the possibility of more effective treatment strategies than antibiotics or surgical resection of the colon.”
The study also showed that people with DivD ate less whole grains and bread, ate less fruits and vegetables, and drank less water than people without DivD.
“Although genetic discoveries have implications for future DivD treatment and prevention, a clear link still exists between food intake and DivD,” Dr. Wu said.
“This is consistent with healthy eating recommendations for optimal bowel function and health.”
This study Cell genomics.
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