Piles Treatment in Agra: Grades, Laser Options and Surgery

Understanding Piles

What Are Piles?

Piles are enlarged or symptomatic vascular cushions in the anal canal or around the anus. These cushions are a normal part of anal anatomy and help with closure and continence. They are called piles, haemorrhoids or bawaseer only when enlargement, displacement, inflammation or clotting starts producing symptoms — bleeding, prolapse, itching, mucus leakage, discomfort or a tender lump.

Internal and external haemorrhoids arise in different places and behave differently, which is why the treatment is not the same for everyone. The symptom pattern alone cannot confirm the diagnosis, because anal fissure, anal fistula, perianal abscess, rectal prolapse, inflammatory bowel disease, polyps and colorectal cancer can all produce overlapping complaints.

Types and Grades

Internal, External, Thrombosed and Mixed Piles

Internal haemorrhoids

These arise inside the anal canal, above the dentate line. They typically cause bright-red bleeding, mucus leakage or prolapse rather than severe pain, and they are graded by how far they protrude.

External haemorrhoids

These develop under the skin around the anus. They may cause swelling, irritation, difficulty with hygiene or discomfort. The Grade I–IV system does not apply to external haemorrhoids, which is a common source of confusion when patients compare treatment claims online.

Thrombosed external haemorrhoids

A clot can form inside an external haemorrhoid and cause a sudden, hard, very tender lump. This is one of the few piles presentations where timing genuinely matters: early assessment allows a wider range of options, whereas a lump that has already been present for several days is often managed with pain relief and bowel care while it settles on its own. If a new painful lump appears, arrange assessment early rather than waiting to see whether it improves.

Mixed haemorrhoids

Many patients have both internal prolapse and an external component. This matters more than most patients realise, because several widely advertised procedures treat the internal component well and do little for the external one. Treatment selection therefore depends on more than the internal grade alone.

The Four Grades of Internal Piles

Symptoms

Common Symptoms of Piles

Bright-red bleeding

Blood may appear on toilet tissue, on the surface of the stool, or in the toilet pan. Bleeding should not automatically be attributed to piles, particularly after the age of 40 or where there is a family history of bowel cancer.

Prolapse or a lump

Internal haemorrhoids may protrude during a bowel movement. External or thrombosed haemorrhoids may feel like a lump at the anal margin.

Itching and irritation

Mucus, moisture or skin irritation can cause itching. Dermatitis, fungal infection, worms and other conditions produce similar symptoms, so persistent itching deserves examination rather than repeated cream use.

Discomfort or pain

Internal haemorrhoids are often not painful. Marked pain suggests thrombosis, fissure, abscess or another diagnosis, and should be assessed rather than treated as ordinary piles.

Mucus leakage or soiling

Prolapse can interfere with anal closure and lead to mucus, dampness or difficulty keeping the area clean.

A feeling of incomplete emptying

Some people report pressure or the sense that the bowel has not fully emptied. Persistent change in bowel habit needs broader evaluation, not piles treatment alone.

Contributing Factors

What Can Contribute to Piles?

Piles rarely have a single cause. The factors below may increase pressure, straining or support-tissue change, but their presence does not prove why one individual developed symptoms.

• Constipation and repeated straining
• Prolonged sitting on the toilet, including phone use
• Frequent diarrhoea or repeated bowel movements
• Pregnancy and increased pelvic pressure
• Age-related changes in supporting tissue
• Heavy lifting or repeated increases in abdominal pressure
• Higher body weight in some patients
• Low fibre intake, or inadequate fluid intake where medically appropriate

These factors are discussed to improve bowel care and treatment planning, not to assign blame.

Consultation Triggers

When Should You See a Piles Specialist in Agra?

Arrange an assessment when rectal bleeding is new, persistent or recurrent; a lump or prolapse does not settle; pain is significant; symptoms return after treatment; or home measures have not helped. A consultation is equally appropriate when you simply do not know whether the problem is piles, a fissure, a fistula, an abscess or another bowel condition.

• Bleeding during or after a bowel movement
• Tissue that protrudes, or that has to be pushed back
• A new painful or tender external lump
• Recurrent itching, mucus or soiling
• Symptoms continuing despite fibre and bowel-habit measures
• Previous piles treatment followed by recurrent symptoms
• Anaemia, unexplained tiredness or repeated bleeding
• New or progressive change in bowel habit
• Abdominal symptoms, unexplained weight loss, or a family history of bowel cancer
• A wish for a second opinion before a procedure someone else has recommended

Use the Consultation Checklist

Before You Book

What Actually Happens at a Piles Consultation?

Embarrassment is the most common reason people delay this appointment, sometimes for years. It is worth knowing in advance exactly what a consultation involves, because the reality is usually far less daunting than people expect.

1. You talk first, fully clothed

   The consultation begins as a conversation about bleeding, pain, prolapse, bowel habit, medicines, previous treatment and other health conditions. Many people find this is the longest part of the visit.

2. Examination is explained before it happens

   Nothing is done without an explanation and your consent. You can ask what is being examined and why, and you can decline or defer any part of the examination. Examination takes place in a private room with the door closed, and takes only a few minutes.

3. A chaperone or attendant can be present

   You may bring a family member. A female attendant can be requested for the examination.

4. Your information stays confidential

   Clinical details are not shared without your consent, and are not used in any marketing material. No photographs of patients are published on this website. See our privacy policy.

5. Not every consultation ends in surgery

   A large proportion of people who attend with bleeding or discomfort are managed with bowel-habit correction and medicines. Booking an assessment is not a commitment to a procedure.

Diagnosis

How Are Piles Diagnosed?

1. Symptom and health history

   Bleeding, pain, prolapse, bowel habit, medicines, pregnancy, previous treatment, family history and other medical conditions are reviewed.

2. External inspection

   The perianal skin is examined for an external haemorrhoid, thrombosis, fissure, fistula opening, abscess, irritation, prolapse or another visible cause.

3. Digital rectal examination

   A focused examination may assess tenderness, masses, blood and anal muscle tone. The reason is explained and consent obtained first.

4. Proctoscopy or anoscopy where appropriate

   A short instrument may be used to see the anal canal and internal haemorrhoids and to confirm the grade. Whether this is needed depends on the symptoms and examination.

5. Broader bowel evaluation when indicated

   Blood tests, sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy may be advised when no clear anorectal source is found, bleeding persists, or age, symptoms and risk factors require the colon and rectum to be examined. This step is how a treatable cancer is not missed behind an assumption of piles.

6. Shared treatment plan

   Findings, grade, external component, alternatives, expected recovery and risks are reviewed before deciding between continued non-surgical care, an office procedure, laser treatment or surgery.

Conservative Care

Can Piles Be Treated Without Surgery?

Yes. Many mild internal haemorrhoid symptoms settle with bowel-habit change and short-term symptom relief, and no operation is needed. Non-surgical care is usually tried first unless the examination shows significant prolapse, thrombosis, another diagnosis, or some other reason to intervene earlier.

Fibre and fluids

Fibre makes stool softer and easier to pass. Fluid advice must be adjusted for anyone with kidney, heart or other conditions that limit intake, so general internet advice to "drink more water" is not universally safe.

Avoid straining

Do not delay the urge to pass stool, avoid repeated pushing, and keep time on the toilet short.

Treat constipation or diarrhoea properly

A stool softener, fibre supplement or another medicine may be advised after reviewing your bowel pattern and existing medicines.

Short-term symptom relief

Warm baths and selected creams, ointments or suppositories may ease mild discomfort or itching. These do not replace a diagnosis and should not be used indefinitely without advice — long-term use of some steroid-containing preparations can thin the perianal skin.

Reassess if symptoms persist

Recurrent bleeding, prolapse, a painful lump or symptoms that do not improve need review. Self-treatment should not be allowed to delay investigation of another cause.

Escalating Treatment

When May a Procedure or Surgery Be Considered?

A procedure may be considered when appropriate bowel care has not controlled symptoms, internal piles repeatedly prolapse, bleeding is recurrent, external or combined haemorrhoids remain troublesome, or a thrombosed external haemorrhoid needs early assessment. The decision rests on the diagnosis, grade, external component, previous treatment, anaesthetic risk, recovery priorities and your own informed preference.

• Recurrent or clinically significant bleeding
• Grade III or IV internal prolapse
• Large external, or combined internal-and-external, disease
• Persistent mucus leakage, irritation or hygiene difficulty
• Recurrent symptoms after an office procedure
• Severe pain from selected thrombosed external haemorrhoids
• Symptoms that substantially affect daily activity or work
• A second confirmed anorectal problem that can be treated at the same sitting

Surgery is not required merely because piles are present. The expected benefit should justify the discomfort, risks and recovery of the procedure being proposed.

Laser Treatment

Laser Piles Treatment in Agra: When It May Help

Laser treatment can be a useful option for selected patients with symptomatic internal haemorrhoids, but it is not a universal cure and is not automatically the best treatment. The decision depends on the source of bleeding, internal grade, degree of prolapse, external component, previous treatment, anaesthetic risk and your recovery priorities.

How laser haemorrhoid treatment works

A thin laser fibre is introduced into the haemorrhoidal tissue and controlled energy is applied so that the tissue shrinks and its blood supply is reduced. In laser haemorrhoidoplasty, the tissue is treated from within rather than removed as a wide open wound. This is one reason early pain may be lower than after conventional excisional surgery. It does not mean that the procedure is completely pain-free or that every external lump will disappear.

Laser techniques are not all the same

The term “laser piles treatment” can refer to different techniques. Laser haemorrhoidoplasty delivers energy into the haemorrhoidal tissue to reduce its volume; laser or Doppler-guided dearterialisation targets feeding vessels and may be combined with a lift of prolapsing tissue. These approaches are not interchangeable. Ask for the exact procedure, what tissue it is intended to treat and why it has been recommended.

When laser treatment may be discussed

• Selected Grade II and Grade III internal haemorrhoids after examination
• Patients whose main symptom is bleeding or internal prolapse rather than a large external lump
• Patients for whom less early postoperative discomfort and an earlier return to routine are important priorities
• Selected patients whose symptoms have persisted despite appropriate bowel care or an office procedure

When Laser May Not Be the Right Choice

Laser is not the right tool for every anatomical problem. It may not address the problem fully when the external or prolapsing component is the dominant complaint. In these situations, an office procedure, mucopexy, excisional surgery or another approach may provide a better anatomical solution.

• Large external skin tags or a big external component. Laser applied to internal tissue does not remove external skin.
• Fixed Grade IV prolapse or extensive tissue redundancy. Surgical assessment is usually important and an excisional operation may be more durable.
• An undiagnosed cause of bleeding. No procedure should be performed before the source of bleeding is established.
• A coexisting fissure, fistula or abscess. These have their own treatment pathways and may need to be addressed at the same time or first.

What the evidence supports, and what it does not

A 2023 systematic review and meta-analysis of nine studies involving 661 patients with Grade II or III haemorrhoids found less early pain, less analgesic use and an earlier return to work after laser haemorrhoidoplasty than after conventional haemorrhoidectomy. The same review reported a numerical trend towards higher haemorrhoidal symptom recurrence after laser at one year (28.6% versus 20.0% after conventional surgery), although the difference was not statistically significant. The apparent equivalence in bleeding, prolapse and complete resolution at 12 months rested on only two randomised controlled trials, so it should not be read as proof of long-term equivalence. A separate systematic review also found promising results but noted low study quality and substantial variation between techniques and follow-up periods. The practical conclusion is a possible early-recovery advantage in selected patients, not a guaranteed permanent cure.

Read the systematic review and meta-analysis (opens in a new tab) · Read the broader laser-treatment review (opens in a new tab)

No piles procedure can honestly be promised as painless, recurrence-free or a permanent cure in one sitting. A quoted success percentage is meaningful only when the procedure, patient selection, follow-up period and definition of success are stated.

Practical points patients ask about

• Anaesthesia: the plan may involve local anaesthesia with sedation, regional or spinal anaesthesia, or general anaesthesia, depending on the technique and facility.
• Stay: many cases are planned as day care, but observation may be advised according to anaesthesia, pain, bleeding, urine passage, other health conditions and home support.
• Bowel movements: the first few can still be uncomfortable. Stool-softening measures and avoidance of straining are important after treatment.
• Further treatment: some patients may need an additional procedure when residual prolapse, an external component or recurrent symptoms remain.

Questions to ask before choosing laser

1. What is my confirmed diagnosis and internal grade?
2. Do I have an external or mixed component that laser will not treat?
3. Which exact laser technique is being proposed, and why?
4. What are the non-surgical, office-based and conventional alternatives?
5. What anaesthesia, observation, recovery and follow-up should I realistically expect?
6. What is included in the written estimate, and what might require additional treatment?

Ask which treatment fits your grade

Recognised Options

Piles Treatment and Surgery Options Compared

Treatment is selected after the diagnosis and grade are confirmed. The options below are recognised treatments for haemorrhoidal disease. Which of them are appropriate for you, and which are available at the treating facility, is confirmed at consultation.

Office-based treatment

Rubber band ligation, injection sclerotherapy or infrared coagulation may be considered for selected internal haemorrhoids, commonly Grade I–II and some Grade III disease, after conservative care. These do not treat an external component, and repeat sessions are sometimes needed. Band ligation is generally avoided in patients on blood thinners.

Laser haemorrhoidoplasty

Covered in detail in the laser section above.

Excisional haemorrhoidectomy

This operation removes symptomatic haemorrhoidal tissue and may be considered for large external haemorrhoids, combined internal-and-external disease, or Grade III–IV prolapse. It gives the most durable symptom control of the options listed here, at the cost of more postoperative discomfort and a longer recovery.

Doppler-guided haemorrhoidal artery ligation

Arterial branches supplying the haemorrhoids are identified and tied off, sometimes combined with a lift of prolapsing tissue. Postoperative pain is usually less than after excisional surgery, but recurrence has been higher in several comparisons. It does not address an external component.

Stapled haemorrhoidopexy

Stapling lifts prolapsing internal tissue rather than removing external haemorrhoids. It is not recommended as a routine first-line surgical treatment because of efficacy and risk considerations, including uncommon but serious complications. It should not be presented as a preferred option.

Grade-Led Planning

How Is Treatment Matched to the Grade of Piles?

This is a general pathway, not a prescription. Symptom severity, bleeding, previous treatment, examination findings and your own priorities can all change the plan.

Other Health Conditions

Piles With Diabetes, Pregnancy, Blood Thinners or Older Age

Coexisting conditions do not rule out treatment, but they change how it is planned, when it is done and what precautions are taken. Bring your full medicine list to the consultation, including anything bought without a prescription.

Diabetes

Wound healing and infection risk need attention, and glucose control is reviewed before any planned procedure. Perianal infection in a person with poorly controlled diabetes can progress quickly and should be assessed promptly rather than managed at home.

Blood thinners and antiplatelet medicines

Warfarin, newer oral anticoagulants, aspirin and clopidogrel all affect bleeding risk. Never stop these on your own. Whether, when and how they are adjusted is decided together with the doctor who prescribed them, and some procedures are preferred over others in this situation.

Pregnancy and after childbirth

Piles are common in pregnancy and often improve after delivery. Management during pregnancy is usually conservative, with attention to constipation, and medicine choices are restricted. Elective procedures are generally deferred, and any bleeding in pregnancy should be reported rather than assumed to be piles.

Older patients and heart, lung or kidney disease

Anaesthetic assessment carries more weight than the piles grade in these cases. A less invasive option with a lower anaesthetic requirement may be preferred even where a larger operation would give a more complete result.

Inflammatory bowel disease or immunosuppression

Anorectal symptoms in Crohn's disease in particular are managed differently, and routine haemorrhoid surgery may be inadvisable. Tell the clinician if you have any diagnosed bowel disease or take immune-suppressing medicines.

Differential Diagnosis

Piles, Anal Fissure, Anal Fistula or Rectal Prolapse?

These conditions overlap, and symptoms alone cannot always separate them. This table helps you recognise common patterns. It does not replace examination.

Anal Fissure Treatment Anal Fistula Treatment Rectal Prolapse Care Colorectal Surgery

Preparation

How to Prepare for Piles Treatment

• Bring a list of your current medicines and any allergies.
• Bring relevant blood tests, endoscopy reports and previous treatment or operation records.
• Tell the clinician about blood thinners, diabetes, heart or kidney disease, pregnancy and any previous anaesthetic problem.
• Follow only the fasting, bowel-preparation and medicine instructions issued for your specific procedure.
• Arrange transport and support at home if sedation or anaesthesia is planned.
• Ask what pain relief, stool softeners and hygiene supplies you will need after discharge.
• Report fever, active infection or a significant change in symptoms before the planned date.
• Confirm the hospital or day-care facility, arrival time and written estimate in advance.

Use the Surgery Preparation Checklist

Recovery

Recovery After Piles Treatment and Return to Work

Recovery differs enormously between an office procedure, laser treatment and excisional surgery, which is why a single "number of days" quoted online is rarely useful. What follows is a general guide. Your own timeline is confirmed by the treating team based on your procedure, your work and your progress.

The first 48 hours

Follow the discharge plan for pain relief, diet, fluids, hygiene and activity. Some discomfort or a small amount of bleeding is expected after some procedures; the amount that is normal for your procedure must be explained to you before you go home.

The first bowel movement

This is what most patients worry about, and it is worth preparing for. Soft stool, stool-softening medicine, gentle cleaning and not straining are the priorities. Anxiety leading to deliberately delayed bowel movements makes the first one harder, not easier.

Returning to work and normal activity

Timing depends on the procedure, symptom control, the physical demands of your job, whether you drive, and your general health. Office-based procedures often allow a return within a few days. Excisional surgery usually needs longer. Get personalised clearance rather than relying on a generic figure.

Follow-up review

Review assesses symptom relief, healing, bowel habit and any unexpected problems. Persistent or recurrent bleeding needs reassessment even where piles have previously been treated.

Contact the treating team promptly for:

• Bleeding greater than the amount described in your discharge instructions
• Increasing pain not controlled by the medicines you were given
• Fever, pus-like discharge or worsening swelling
• Difficulty passing urine
• Persistent vomiting or inability to drink
• Severe constipation despite the agreed plan

Heavy bleeding, fainting, severe weakness or rapidly worsening symptoms require urgent assessment, not a routine message.

Use the Recovery Questions Worksheet

Balanced Consent

Risks, Limitations and Recurrence

Risk depends on the procedure and on your health. The discussion before treatment should cover common temporary effects, important uncommon complications, the alternatives, and what is likely to happen without any intervention.

• Pain or discomfort
• Early or delayed bleeding
• Infection or abscess
• Swelling or thrombosis
• Difficulty passing urine
• Constipation or painful bowel movements
• Reaction to medicines or anaesthesia
• Delayed wound healing
• Anal narrowing after some operations
• Urgency, leakage or continence change in uncommon cases
• Persistent symptoms or recurrence
• Need for a further procedure

This list is not exhaustive. Procedure-specific consent information is provided before treatment.

Will piles come back?

They can. No treatment removes every possibility of future symptoms. Recurrence depends on the original grade, the procedure performed, tissue support, bowel habit and follow-up. Recurrent bleeding should be reassessed rather than assumed to be the same problem returning.

• Aim for soft, formed stool rather than swinging between constipation and diarrhoea
• Increase fibre gradually where medically appropriate
• Take fluids appropriate to your own health conditions
• Avoid long toilet sittings and repeated straining
• Stay physically active within medical advice
• Review medicines or conditions that affect bowel habit
• Attend follow-up if symptoms persist or return

What about continence? Will I lose control?

This is a common and reasonable fear, particularly among patients who have read about sphincter injury. Modern haemorrhoid procedures are planned to preserve the sphincter, and significant continence change is uncommon. It is not impossible, which is why it appears on the consent list above, and why the choice of procedure is influenced by any pre-existing weakness, previous anorectal surgery or obstetric injury. Tell the clinician if you already have any urgency or leakage before treatment.

Assessment-Based Estimate

What Affects the Cost of Piles Treatment in Agra?

The final cost depends on the diagnosis, grade, procedure, anaesthesia, facility, investigations, medicines, consumables and follow-up. A single advertised price is usually misleading, because a consultation, an office procedure, laser treatment and excisional surgery consume very different resources. A written, itemised estimate is provided once the treatment plan is agreed.

Insurance, cashless treatment and government schemes

Some haemorrhoid procedures may be covered by health insurance policies or government schemes, though many policies apply a waiting period for piles specifically, and day-care cover varies by policy. Bring your policy details and card to the consultation so that eligibility, pre-authorisation and any waiting period can be checked before a date is fixed. Ask the clinic directly which insurers and schemes are currently accepted at the facility where your procedure would be performed.

Request a written estimate after assessment

Relevant Specialist Experience

Piles Assessment with Dr. Himanshu Yadav

Dr. Himanshu Yadav is an M.Ch.-qualified Surgical Gastroenterologist practising in Agra. His relevant expertise includes proctology, colorectal surgery, and laser surgery for haemorrhoids and related anorectal conditions.

Dr. Yadav’s approach is to confirm the diagnosis first, distinguish piles from other causes of bleeding or pain, begin with non-surgical care where appropriate, and discuss laser or surgical treatment only when the expected benefit justifies the risks and recovery.

Dr. Himanshu Yadav has more than 20 years of surgical experience and has performed more than 22,000 procedures across his overall surgical practice, as at September 2026.

View Dr. Himanshu Yadav’s full profile and credentials

Consultation in Agra

Visit Dr. Himanshu’s Clinic, Delhi Gate Road

Contact the clinic to request a suitable consultation time and to confirm which reports to bring. A requested date or time is confirmed by the clinic before it is booked.

Finding the clinic

The clinic is on the first floor of Shanti Madhuvan Plaza on Delhi Gate Road, next to Pushpanjali Hospital, which is the landmark most auto and cab drivers in Agra recognise. There is lift access from the ground floor.

Travelling from outside Agra

The clinic is located in Agra; the places below are surrounding service areas and do not represent separate clinic branches. Patients attend from across the Agra region, including Mathura, Firozabad, Tundla, Shikohabad, Etah, Kasganj, Mainpuri, Hathras, Etawah, Fatehabad, Etmadpur, Kheragarh, Achhnera, Shamsabad and Dholpur. If you are travelling a long distance, telephone or message the clinic beforehand so that the consultation, any proctoscopy and the necessary blood tests can be planned for a single visit wherever possible. Bring all previous reports with you.

What to bring

• Current medicines and any allergies
• Relevant blood-test, endoscopy or pathology reports
• Previous treatment or operation records
• Health insurance card or policy details, if applicable
• A short written timeline of your symptoms, and your questions

Request Appointment Call Clinic WhatsApp (opens in a new tab) Get Directions (opens in a new tab) Full Clinic Details

Common Patient Questions

Frequently Asked Questions About Piles Treatment

These answers give general information about piles, diagnosis and treatment. They cannot establish the cause of an individual symptom or confirm whether a specific procedure is suitable for you.

References and Further Reading

The general clinical statements on this page are consistent with current guidance from recognised colorectal surgical bodies and national health information services. This page is not a substitute for individual medical advice.

1. Hawkins AT, et al. The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Hemorrhoids. Diseases of the Colon & Rectum. 2024;67(5):614–623. ASCRS guideline (opens in a new tab)
2. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Treatment of Hemorrhoids. NIDDK patient guidance (opens in a new tab)
3. NHS. Piles (haemorrhoids). [Accessed 2 September 2026]. NHS patient guidance (opens in a new tab)
4. Gonçalo Torrinha, et al. The effects of laser procedure in symptomatic patients with haemorrhoids: A systematic review. Frontiers in Surgery. 2022;9:1050515. Frontiers article (opens in a new tab)
5. Wee IJY, Koo CH, Seow-En I, Ng YYR, Lin W, Tan EJK. Laser hemorrhoidoplasty versus conventional hemorrhoidectomy for grade II/III hemorrhoids: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of Coloproctology. 2023;39(1):3–10. Article (opens in a new tab)

Sources accessed 2 September 2026. If you believe any information is inaccurate or out of date, contact the clinic.

Related Conditions

Related Anorectal Conditions and Resources

• Anal Fissure Treatment

  Sharp pain during or after a bowel movement points more towards a fissure than piles. Understand diagnosis, non-surgical care and when a procedure is considered.

• Anal Fistula Treatment

  Recurrent swelling, abscess episodes or persistent pus discharge may indicate a fistula. The treatment pathway differs from piles and depends on the tract and the sphincter.

• Rectal Prolapse Care

  Protruding rectal tissue, mucus or continence symptoms need a different colorectal and pelvic-floor assessment.

• Colorectal Surgery

  The broader assessment and surgical management of colon, rectal and anorectal conditions.

• Consultation Checklist

  Prepare your medicines, reports, symptom timeline and questions before the visit.

• About Dr. Himanshu Yadav

  Full qualifications, colorectal and minimal-access fellowships, professional roles and hospital affiliations.