Hemorrhoids. They are unpleasant, bothersome, and even embarrassing. And it’s probably (understandably) at the bottom of your list of things you want to talk about with your health care provider. The only thing standing in the way of salvation? conversation.
“Getting checked for hemorrhoids is just as important as getting a regular colonoscopy, Pap test, mammogram, or prostate exam,” says Dr. Christopher Buzas, D.O., a colorectal surgeon at Geisinger University. “I would like to ask you about your symptoms.”
What are hemorrhoids?
Hemorrhoids are swollen and inflamed veins around the lowest part of the anus and rectum. There are two types of hemorrhoids.
internal hemorrhoids
As the name suggests, internal hemorrhoids are located inside the rectum and cannot be seen with the naked eye. It is usually painless. The only symptom is bright red blood on the toilet paper or toilet after defecating. You may also notice a bump protruding from the anal opening.
external hemorrhoids
This type of hemorrhoids forms on the skin around the anus. It may look like a pink or purple bump. Symptoms of external hemorrhoids include:
- Itching around the anus
- bleeding
- pain/discomfort
- swelling
In some cases, blood from external hemorrhoids can form a blood clot. This can cause severe pain, swelling, or a hard lump.
prolapsed hemorrhoid
This type of hemorrhoid forms inside the anus and protrudes outward. Symptoms of prolapsed hemorrhoids include:
- painless lump near the anus
- itch
- mucus
- Bright red bleeding after using the toilet
What causes hemorrhoids?
“If pressure increases for any reason, the veins in the lower rectum and anus may swell,” says Dr. Buzas. That swelling can lead to hemorrhoids.
Common causes of hemorrhoids include:
- Straining during defecation
- pregnancy
- sitting on the toilet for a long time
- chronic constipation or diarrhea
- Not getting enough fiber in your diet
- Overweight
- lift heavy objects
When to see a doctor
Contact your health care provider if:
- You have rectal bleeding or bright red blood on the toilet paper.
- Pain or discomfort in the rectum or anus.
- Even after trying over-the-counter medications for over a week, the symptoms did not subside.
- You may have stools that are maroon or tar-colored, which can be a sign of bleeding.
If rectal bleeding does not stop and you feel dizzy or faint, call 911 or visit your local emergency room.
When you see a hemorrhoid specialist, he or she will talk to you about your symptoms. Next, we will check for external hemorrhoids, internal hemorrhoids, and other potential problems.
hemorrhoid treatment
After testing, your health care provider will work with you to find the right treatment. They may recommend the following:
eat more fiber
Adding more fiber-rich foods to your diet will help soften your stools and make them easier to pass. This means less straining, less constipation, and less risk of developing hemorrhoids.
use hemorrhoid cream
Hemorrhoid creams can help relieve symptoms such as itching and burning. It can be purchased by prescription or over the counter. Depending on the type and severity of your hemorrhoids, your provider can help you find one that fits your needs.
take a sitz bath
Soaking in good hot water can help you relax in many ways. “Sitz baths can relax your sphincter muscles and reduce hemorrhoid symptoms,” says Dr. Buzas. Creating your own sitz bath is easy. Start by filling your bathtub with a few inches of warm water. Then let it soak for 20-30 minutes. If you want even more relief, add some Epsom salt.
hemorrhoid removal
If your hemorrhoids are severe enough, your health care provider may recommend a procedure to remove them.
“Most people think of hemorrhoids as a minor problem, but they can be extremely painful,” explains Dr. Buzas. “Knowing when to treat conditions like hemorrhoids yourself and when to seek help can help you feel like yourself again.”
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